导入 copya = \'deepak\'b = 1, 2, 3, 4c = [1, 2, 3, 4]d = {1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30}a1 = copy.copy(a)b1 = copy.copy(b)c1 = copy.copy(c)d1 = copy.copy(d) print(\'immutable - id(a)==id(a1)\', id(a...
import copy
a = "deepak"
b = 1, 2, 3, 4
c = [1, 2, 3, 4]
d = {1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30}
a1 = copy.copy(a)
b1 = copy.copy(b)
c1 = copy.copy(c)
d1 = copy.copy(d)
print("immutable - id(a)==id(a1)", id(a) == id(a1))
print("immutable - id(b)==id(b1)", id(b) == id(b1))
print("mutable - id(c)==id(c1)", id(c) == id(c1))
print("mutable - id(d)==id(d1)", id(d) == id(d1))
我得到以下结果：
immutable - id(a)==id(a1) True
immutable - id(b)==id(b1) True
mutable - id(c)==id(c1) False
mutable - id(d)==id(d1) False
如果我执行深度复制：
a1 = copy.deepcopy(a)
b1 = copy.deepcopy(b)
c1 = copy.deepcopy(c)
d1 = copy.deepcopy(d)
结果是一样的：
immutable - id(a)==id(a1) True
immutable - id(b)==id(b1) True
mutable - id(c)==id(c1) False
mutable - id(d)==id(d1) False
如果我进行赋值操作：
a1 = a
b1 = b
c1 = c
d1 = d
结果是：
immutable - id(a)==id(a1) True
immutable - id(b)==id(b1) True
mutable - id(c)==id(c1) True
mutable - id(d)==id(d1) True
有人能解释一下这些副本之间到底有什么区别吗？这和可变和不可变对象有关吗？如果是的话，你能给我解释一下吗？
下面的代码演示了赋值、使用 copy 方法的浅拷贝、使用 (slice) [:] 的浅拷贝和 deepcopy 之间的区别。下面的示例使用嵌套列表，从而使差异更加明显。
from copy import deepcopy
########"List assignment (does not create a copy) ############
l1 = [1,2,3, [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
l1_assigned = l1
print(l1)
print(l1_assigned)
print(id(l1), id(l1_assigned))
print(id(l1[3]), id(l1_assigned[3]))
print(id(l1[3][0]), id(l1_assigned[3][0]))
l1[3][0] = 100
l1.pop(4)
l1.remove(1)
print(l1)
print(l1_assigned)
print("###################################")
########"List copy using copy method (shallow copy)############
l2 = [1,2,3, [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
l2_copy = l2.copy()
print(l2)
print(l2_copy)
print(id(l2), id(l2_copy))
print(id(l2[3]), id(l2_copy[3]))
print(id(l2[3][0]), id(l2_copy[3][0]))
l2[3][0] = 100
l2.pop(4)
l2.remove(1)
print(l2)
print(l2_copy)
print("###################################")
########"List copy using slice (shallow copy)############
l3 = [1,2,3, [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
l3_slice = l3[:]
print(l3)
print(l3_slice)
print(id(l3), id(l3_slice))
print(id(l3[3]), id(l3_slice[3]))
print(id(l3[3][0]), id(l3_slice[3][0]))
l3[3][0] = 100
l3.pop(4)
l3.remove(1)
print(l3)
print(l3_slice)
print("###################################")
########"List copy using deepcopy ############
l4 = [1,2,3, [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
l4_deep = deepcopy(l4)
print(l4)
print(l4_deep)
print(id(l4), id(l4_deep))
print(id(l4[3]), id(l4_deep[3]))
print(id(l4[3][0]), id(l4_deep[3][0]))
l4[3][0] = 100
l4.pop(4)
l4.remove(1)
print(l4)
print(l4_deep)
print("##########################")
print(l4[2], id(l4[2]))
print(l4_deep[3], id(l4_deep[3]))
print(l4[2][0], id(l4[2][0]))
print(l4_deep[3][0], id(l4_deep[3][0]))