我正在学习 http://www.django-rest-framework.org/ 上的 Django REST 框架教程，我几乎完成了它并刚刚添加了身份验证。现在我得到了 :OperationalError ...
我正在学习 http://www.django-rest-framework.org/ ，我几乎完成了它，并且刚刚添加了身份验证。现在我得到：
OperationalError at /snippets/
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/snippets/
Django Version: 1.7
Exception Type: OperationalError
Exception Value:
no such column: snippets_snippet.owner_id
Exception Location: /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py in execute, line 485
Python Executable: /Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/bin/python
Python Version: 2.7.5
Python Path:
['/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/tutorial',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python27.zip',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/Extras/lib/python',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',
'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',
'/Users/taylorallred/Desktop/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
Server time: Sat, 11 Oct 2014 07:02:34 +0000
我已经在网上的几个地方查找过，不仅仅是在 StackOverflow 上寻找解决方案，一般来说，问题似乎出在我的数据库中，需要删除它然后重新创建，我已经这样做过好几次了，教程甚至让我删除数据库并在那时重新创建它。这是我的 models.py ：
from django.db import models
from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers
from pygments.styles import get_all_styles
from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
from pygments import highlight
LEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]
LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])
STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())
class Snippet(models.Model):
owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='snippets')
highlighted = models.TextField()
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='')
code = models.TextField()
linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False)
language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES,
default='python',
max_length=100)
style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES,
default='friendly',
max_length=100)
class Meta:
ordering = ('created',)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Use the 'pygments' library to create a highlighted HTML
representation of the code snippet.
"""
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(self.language)
linenos = self.linenos and 'table' or False
options = self.title and {'title': self.title} or {}
formatter = HtmlFormatter(style=self.style, linenos=linenos,
full=true, **options)
self.highlighted = highlight(self.code, lexer, formatter)
super(Snippet, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
我的 serializers.py ：
from django.forms import widgets
from rest_framework import serializers
from snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICES
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
owner = serializers.Field(source='owner.username')
class Meta:
model = Snippet
fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style', 'owner')
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
snippets = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'snippets')
我的 views.py ：
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from snippets.serializers import UserSerializer
from rest_framework import permissions
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
"""
List all snippets, or create a new snippet.
"""
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def pre_save(self, obj):
obj.owner = self.request.user
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
"""
Retrieve, update or delete a nippet instance.
"""
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def pre_save(self, obj):
obj.owner = self.request.user
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,)
class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
最后我的 urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^snippets/$', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
url(r'^users/$', views.UserList.as_view()),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.UserDetail.as_view()),
)
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
urlpatterns += patterns('',
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls',
namespace='rest_framework')),
)
数据库架构：
CREATE TABLE "snippets_snippet" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
"created" datetime NOT NULL, "title" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "code" text NOT NULL,
"linenos" bool NOT NULL, "language" varchar(100) NOT NULL, "style" varchar(100) NOT NULL);
经过一番挖掘之后，我发现当删除并重新创建数据库（正如教程所说）时，除了使用该 make migrations 命令之外，它不仅不会添加列，而且在运行命令时也不会告诉我出了什么问题， make migrations 它告诉我：
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'highlighted' to snippet without a default;
we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
如果我注释掉其中 highlighted 的部分， models.py 它将发布与上面相同的消息，但针对的是 owner 和 highlighted 的默认值 owner ，但我不确定要使用什么。以及教程也没有帮助我。